There are probably several out there, but these two tables jump to the top of the search engines. They help sort through conjecture with real numbers on cartridge type-bullet weight-velocity-energy. I post below portions of old faithful ;Chuck Hawks’ rifle ballistics table;. The far-right number, energy at 200 yards, is particularly useful for rifle cartridge comparison sake.
Another table at Gunners Den ; has more details, but no 200-yard figures.
Different rifles, barrel-lengths and cartridge loadings can move these numbers around A LOT, but the fundamentals of SAMMI chamber pressure limits and bullet diameters remain. I skip the lower-powered rifles and start my list here with those that carry what I consider to be at least a minimum of useable power out to the 200 yard range.
Cartridge (Wb + type) MV (fps) V @ 200 yds ME (ft lb) E @ 200 yds
.223 Rem. (45 SpHP) 3550 2430 1259 590
.223 Rem. (55 Sp) 3240 2304 1282 648
.223 Rem. (64 Sp) 3090 2312 1357 760
.22-250 Rem. (55 Sp) 3680 2656 1654 861
.22-250 Rem. (60 Sp) 3500 2634 1632 924
.243 Win. (95 SST) 3100 2572 2027 1396
.243 Win. (100 Sp) 2960 2449 1945 1332
270 Win. (130 Sp) 3060 2639 2702 2009
.270 Win. (140 Sp) 3100 2620 2990 2140
.270 Win. (150 Sp) 2850 2183 2705 1587
7×57 Mauser (150 Sp) 2690 2278 2411 1729
7x65R (170 Sp) 2625 2167 2602 1773
7mm Rem. Mag. (150 SpBT) 3110 2751 3221 2520
7mm Rem. Mag. (175 Sp) 2860 2440 3178 2313
7.5×55 Swiss (180 Sp) 2651 2223 2810 1976
.30 Carbine (110 RN) 1990 1236 967 373
.30-30 Win. (150 FP) 2390 1605 1902 858
.30-30 Win. (160 EVO) 2400 1916 2046 1304
.30-30 Win. (170 FP) 2200 1619 1827 989
.30-40 Krag (180 Sp) 2430 2007 2360 1610
.308 Win. (150 Sp) 2820 2288 2648 1744
.308 Win. (165 BTSP) 2685 2264 2641 1878
.308 Win. (180 Sp) 2620 2198 2743 1930
.30-06 Spfd. (150 Sp) 2910 2342 2820 1827
.30-06 Spfd. (165 PSP) 2800 2283 2872 1909
.30-06 Spfd. (180 Sp) 2700 2023 2913 1635
7.62×39 (125 Sp) 2365 1783 1552 882
.303 Savage (190 RN) 1890 1440 1650 875
7.65×53 (180 Sp) 2592 2189 2686 1916
7.62x54R (150 SP) 2700 2193 2428 1602
.303 British (150 SP) 2830 2325 2667 1800
.303 British (180 Sp) 2460 2020 2420 1625